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Good muscle mass and function reduce frailty and improve balance, thereby reducing the risk of falls and subsequent fracture.Īnd there are additional benefits to be gained from being physically active, such as reducing depression – particularly when exercising with other people.Learn how to use Penalty Rate in a sentence and make better sentences with word `Penalty Rate` by reading from 14 Penalty Rate sentence examples. But the combination of protein intake and physical activity is known to increase muscle mass and function. There are mixed messages regarding whether nutritional supplements help improve function after a hip fracture. Some data has shown poor nutrition at the time of the fracture reduced people’s ability to walk unaided six months after the fracture, compared to those with good nutrition. What we don’t yet know is the type, intensity and duration of physical activity that will give the best results. Some data suggest beginning physical activity as soon as possible post-surgery will reduce the likelihood of death. Rehabilitation is important after a hip fracture. Training will include gait training, and resistance and balance exercises.Įven if the patient has not had surgery, rehabilitation is necessary to begin moving as quickly as possible to avoid the serious complications of being immobilised. Taking individual capabilities, physical health and function into account, therapeutic rehabilitation may include improving the range of motion, pool therapy, and strengthening and progressive resistance exercises. Together with controlling immediate post-surgery pain and symptoms, patients should receive therapeutic rehabilitation and functional training for the best chance of regaining mobility. Hip fractures and depression quicken frailty in the elderly
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Studies suggest issues related to the hospitalisation, surgery, or immobility (which could put patients at risk of pneumonia) after a fracture lead to other complications that ultimately result in earlier death. One study showed heart disease, stroke and pneumonia resulted in a long-term doubling of risk of death after hip fracture, and this risk remained high for up to ten years in women and 20 in men. Death after a hip fracture may also be related to additional complications of the fracture, such as infections, internal bleeding, stroke or heart failure. From Ĭombined with the trauma of a fracture and surgery, an existing health condition may significantly increase the risk of death. Immobility after a hip fracture can lead to poor patient outcomes. Or, their medical team may determine the risks are too great to expose the person to surgery. Surgical intervention will generally occur within 48 hours.īut some patients may prefer not to undergo surgery. Australian data indicate more than three-quarters of people who sustain a hip fracture undergo surgery, the most common procedure being a joint replacement. In Australia, standard clinical care following a hip fracture begins with timely assessment, including X-rays, and pain and cognitive assessments. The increased risk of subsequent fracture may persist for ten years, which highlights the importance of treating the initial fracture promptly and effectively. Previous research has reported around 30% of people with hip fractures have had a prior fracture this is known as the “fracture cascade”. While the reasons remain unclear, hip fractures also disproportionately affect those at the disadvantaged end of the social scale. Why older people get osteoporosis and have falls Compared to a fracture of any other bone, a hip fracture results in the most serious of all consequences. Worldwide, one in three women and one in five men experience a fracture caused by such bone fragility, with a fracture occurring every three seconds. Osteoporosis and osteopenia (where bone mass is lower than normal, but not yet osteoporotic) are reported to affect more than one million Australians aged 65 and older. Osteoporosis, a disease characterised by low bone mass and degradation of bone tissue, is another significant risk factor for hip fractures. Frailty, poor vision, the use of a combination of medications, and trip hazards in the home also increase the likelihood of falls. However, they can also occur when there has been little or no trauma, such as standing up.Ĭognitive impairment such as dementia is a common factor that increases the risk of falling. They’re primarily a result of a fall, or when the hip collides with a solid object such as a kitchen bench. Age is a key risk factor, with hip fractures more likely to occur in those aged 65 or older.